High temperature flexible blanket for industrial insulation applications

ABSTRACT

According to one embodiment, an insulation blanket for insulating a structure includes a first facer layer and a second facer layer. A plurality of intermeshed non-woven glass fibers are disposed between the first and second facer layers and a fumed silica insulating powder is also disposed between the first and second facer layers. The fumed silica insulating powder has an average particle size of between about 2 and 20 nanometers. The insulation blanket includes at least one exposed edge having a cauterized face that forms a barrier on the exposed edge to encase the fumed silica insulating powder within the interior of the insulation blanket, which minimizes degradation of the insulating value due to loss or shedding of the fumed silica insulating powder through the exposed edge. The cauterized edge has a depth of cauterized material of between about 0.05 mm and 3 mm.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Division of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/642,492filed Mar. 9, 2015 and now U.S. Pat. No. 10,234,069. The entire contentsof the above-identified application is incorporated by reference for allpurposes.

BACKGROUND

Insulation blankets are often used in industrial applications toinsulate various objects, such as pipes, elbows, fittings, and the like.Such insulation blankets may include small particles that increase theinsulation R-value of the blanket. In forming or modifying theinsulation blanket for application on or around a particular object, theinsulation blanket is often cut. When the insulation blanket is cut, thecut edge may expose the small insulation particles to the environment.Due to the small size of the insulation particles, the particles may beshed or lost from within the insulation blanket by falling or escapingout of the cut edge. The loss of the insulation particles may decreasethe insulating performance of the blanket, especially at or near the cutedge.

BRIEF SUMMARY

In some instances it may be desired to encase or seal insulatingparticles or other materials within an insulation blanket. According toone aspect, an insulation blanket for insulating a structure isdescribed herein. The insulation blanket includes a first facer layerand a second facer layer. A plurality of intermeshed non-woven glassfibers are disposed between the first and second facer layers. A fumedsilica insulating powder is also disposed between the first and secondfacer layers and within the intermeshed non-woven glass fibers. Thefumed silica insulating powder has an average particle size of betweenabout 2 and 20 nanometers.

The insulation blanket includes at least one exposed edge that includesa cauterized face that is roughly orthogonal to the first and secondfacer layers. The cauterized face forms a barrier on the exposed edgethat encases the fumed silica insulating powder within the interior ofthe insulation blanket, thereby minimizing degradation of the insulatingvalue due to loss or shedding of the fumed silica insulating powderthrough the exposed edge. The cauterized edge has a depth of cauterizedmaterial of between about 0.05 and 3 mm.

According to another aspect, an insulation blanket for insulating astructure is described herein. The insulation blanket includes aplurality of intermeshed non-woven fibers that are disposed between afirst facer and a second facer. The insulation blanket also includes afine insulating powder that is disposed between the first and secondfacers and within the intermeshed non-woven fibers. The fine insulatingpowder has an average particle size of between 2 and 20 nanometers. Theinsulation blanket further includes at least one exposed edge that has acauterized face that forms a barrier on the exposed edge to encase thefine insulating powder within the interior of the insulation blanket,thereby minimizing loss of the fine insulating powder through theexposed edge. The exposed edge has a depth of cauterized material ofbetween about 0.05 and 3 mm.

According to another aspect, a method of forming an insulation blanketis described herein. The method includes positioning a plurality ofintermeshed non-woven fibers between a first facer layer and a secondfacer layer. The method also includes positioning a fine insulatingpowder between the first and second facer layers and within theintermeshed non-woven fibers. The fine insulating powder has an averageparticle size of between about 2 and 300 nanometers. In a specificembodiment, the fine insulating powder has an average particle size ofbetween about 2 and 20 nanometers. The method further includescauterizing an exposed edge of the insulation blanket to form a barrieron the exposed edge that encases the fine insulating powder within theinterior of the insulation blanket. The cauterized edge has a depth ofcauterized material of between about 0.05 and 3 mm.

In some embodiments, the method additionally includes compressing theinsulation blanket prior to cauterizing the exposed edge. Compressingthe insulation blanket may improve the cauterization process byrendering the blanket's thickness and/or density more consistent and/oruniform. In other embodiments, the insulation blanket may not becompressed prior to cauterizing the exposed edge.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present technology is described in conjunction with the appendedfigures:

FIG. 1 illustrates a cut edge of an insulation blanket.

FIG. 2 illustrates an insulation blanket having a cauterized or sealedexposed edge.

FIG. 3 illustrates a layered configuration of a cauterized edge of aninsulation blanket.

FIG. 4 illustrates a process for cauterizing an edge of an insulationblanket with a laser.

FIG. 5 illustrates a comparison of cauterized edges of two separateinsulation blankets.

FIG. 6 illustrates a process of forming a cauterized edge on aninsulation blanket.

In the appended figures, similar components and/or features may have thesame numerical reference label. Further, various components of the sametype may be distinguished by following the reference label by a letterthat distinguishes among the similar components and/or features. If onlythe first numerical reference label is used in the specification, thedescription is applicable to any one of the similar components and/orfeatures having the same first numerical reference label irrespective ofthe letter suffix.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The embodiments described herein relate to sealing of one or more edgesof a microporous insulation blanket. The edges of the insulation blanketmay be sealed to prevent loss or shedding or insulation material that ispositioned within the interior of the blanket. For example, insulationblankets may employ small particles that increase the insulation R-valueof the blanket. A commonly used insulation particle is fumed silica thatis positioned within the insulation blanket's interior. When an edge ofthe insulation blanket is cut, such as to appropriately size the blanketfor application to a fitting, pipe, or other component, the cut edge mayexpose the insulation particles to the environment. Due to the smallsize of the insulation particles, the particles may be shed or lost byfalling or escaping out of the cut edge. The loss of the insulationparticles may decrease the insulating performance of the blanket,especially at or near the cut edge.

To counteract the loss or shedding of the insulation material, the cutedge of conventional blankets may be sealed using an adhesive tape. Insuch instances, the tape is routed along the cut edge to cover andconceal the edge, thereby minimizing loss, fall-out, dust, or sheddingof the insulation particles through the cut edge. The tape may provide asatisfactory seal, but is relatively slow typically requiring the use ofspecialty tapes and a careful application. When multiple edges of theinsulation blanket are cut, the need to tape each edge may delay theapplication of the insulation blanket to the component that is to beinsulated.

In other instances, an adhesive spray material may be applied to the cutedge subsequent to the edge being cut. The applied spray adhesive,however, may not form a barrier that is sufficient to prevent the lossor shedding of the insulation particles through the cut edge. Forexample, as the insulation blanket is bent or flexed around variousround objects or corners, large gaps may form between adhered portionsof the cut edge. The insulation particles may be lost or shed throughthe large gaps that are formed. Further, while the spray adhesive istypically quicker to apply than the tape, the application of the sprayadhesive still requires an additional step that the installer mustperform prior to application of the insulation blanket.

In the instant embodiments, the edge of the insulation blanket may besufficiently sealed without the application of either an adhesive tapeor an adhesive spray. Rather, the edge of the insulation blanket issufficiently sealed via the application of heat to create an effectivebarrier to prevent or minimize loss or shedding of the insulationparticles. The application of heat to the cut edge cauterizes or searsthe edge of the insulation blanket to create the barrier. In manyembodiments, the edge of the insulation blanket may be cauterizedsimultaneous with the edge being cut. For example, a sufficiently hotlaser may be used to simultaneously cut and cauterize the edge of theblanket. In most embodiments, the edge of the insulation blanket ismostly, but not fully, cauterized to enable the blanket to flex and bendsubsequent to cauterization without breaking or compromising thecauterized edge. In some embodiments, the material of the edge may becauterized in a layering pattern to minimize loss or shedding of theinsulation particles.

The insulation blankets described herein are often fabricated andinstalled on fittings and specialized shapes for industrial insulationapplications, such as oil production, refining, petrochemical, power andother industrial applications. The cauterized cut edge, which may have alayered pattern, allows for the insulation blanket to remain flexible atthe cut edge while minimizing fall-out, loss, shedding, or dust from thecut edge. As described herein, the insulation blanket may be composed offine insulation powders (e.g., fumed silica) that is layered betweenfacers, such as a woven glass matt cloth, non-woven polyester cloth, PEfoil, aluminum foil, mica sheet, and the like. Non-woven fibers are alsodisposed between the facers to prevent excessive movement of theinsulation powder within the layers of material. When the insulationblanket is cut to fit a particular application, the insulation powdermay fall out or shed from the cut edge and thereby reduce the thermalperformance of the product. In addition, the lost insulation materialmay be a nuisance dust to the installer.

In one embodiment, the insulation blanket comprises between 10% and 80%by weight of the insulation powder or particles (e.g., fumed silica) andbetween 5% and 50% by weight of the nonwoven fibers (e.g., glassfibers). The insulation powder or particles (e.g., fumed silica) providea significant portion of the insulation properties of the blanket and,thus, the use of greater than 50% by weight of these material is morecommon. The insulation blanket may also include other materials, such asbetween 10% and 50% by weight of Titanium dioxide; between 0 and 30% byweight of Aluminum dioxide; between 5% and 50% by weight of SiliconCarbide; between 5% and 50% by weight of Magnesium silicate; and thelike. In many embodiments, the insulation blanket is free of a bindermaterial. Rather, the nonwoven fibers disposed within the interior ofthe insulation blanket form a mesh of entangled fibers that function toentrap and maintain the insulation powder or particles from migratingwithin the insulation blanket.

In some embodiments, the insulation powder or particles may have aparticle size of between about 2 and 5000 nm. In an exemplaryembodiment, the insulation powder or particles are fumed silica. Thefumed silica may be composed of submicron-sized spheres, which may befused into short chains that are typically highly branched. The fumedsilica may have a particle size of between about 2 and 300 nanometers,although a particle size of between 4 and 100 nanometers is more common,and a particle size of between 4 and 20 nanometers is most common. In anexemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fibers may be glass fibers. Anexample of a microporous insulation blanket similar to those describedherein is sold under the tradename InsulThin™ HT by IndustrialInsulation Group, LLC, a Johns Manville Company.

As described above, to form a barrier on one or more cut edges of theinsulation blanket, the edges can be cauterized, preferably in alayering pattern. The formed barrier helps minimize any potentialthermal losses and dust nuisance to the installer. The process includesfusing the internal material of the insulation blanket (e.g., nonwovenglass fibers, fumed silica, and the like) to form a closed edge at hightemperatures. The cauterization pattern, such as the layered pattern,allows the insulation blanket to remain flexible. In an exemplaryembodiment, a high temperature laser can be used to cauterize the edgeof the insulation blanket and at the same time cut the insulationblanket into a desired shape, such as to accommodate various elbows,tees, and specialty shapes for industrial applications. Cauterizing theinsulation blanket minimizes material fall-out and allows ease ofinstallation and maximum thermal performance of the insulation.

According to one embodiment, an insulation blanket for insulating astructure includes a first facer layer, a second facer layer, and aplurality of intermeshed non-woven glass fibers that are disposedbetween the first and second facer layers. In some embodiments, thefirst facer or the second facer and commonly both facer layer is a wovenglass mat facer. A fumed silica insulating powder is also disposedbetween the first and second facer layers and within the intermeshednon-woven glass fibers. As described above, the fumed silica insulatingpowder may have an average particle size of between about 2 and 300nanometers, although a particle size of between 4 and 100 nanometers ismore common, and a particle size of between 4 and 20 nanometers is mostcommon.

The insulation blanket includes at least one exposed edge that has acauterized face. In some embodiments, the insulation blanket may includetwo or three exposed edges or the entire perimeter of the insulationblanket may have exposed edges. The exposed edge(s) may be roughlyorthogonal to the first and second facer layers. The cauterized faceforms a barrier on the exposed edge(s) that encases the fumed silicainsulating powder within the interior of the insulation blanket therebyminimizing degradation of the insulating value due to loss or sheddingof the fumed silica insulating powder through the exposed edge. Thecauterized edge may have a depth of cauterized material of between about0.05 and 3 mm. The cauterized edge inhibits or impedes the fumed silicafrom falling out, shedding, or otherwise escaping from the interior ofthe insulation blanket.

In some embodiments, greater than 80% of the exposed edge is cauterizedwhile in other embodiments greater than 90% of the exposed edge iscauterized. In most embodiments, however, less than the entire exposededge is cauterized, which allows the insulation blanket to remainflexible without significantly degrading the formed cauterizationbarrier. The cauterized layer is formed via exposure of the edge toheat, which may be provided via a high temperature laser, exposed flame,and the like. The heat is above the glass transition temperature of theglass fibers and/or fumed silica, which causes a majority of the glassfibers and/or fumed silica to transition to a molten state. Upon removalof the heat, the molten glass fibers and/or fumed silica recrystallizedabout the exposed edge to form the cauterization barrier that encasesthe fumed silica and/or other materials within the interior of theinsulation blanket.

In many embodiments it is important to ensure that less than the entireexposed edge is cauterized, or stated differently recrystallized from amolten glass state. This helps ensure that the formed barrier will notfracture or break as the insulation blanket is bent or flexed around anobject or otherwise handled by an installer. Stated differently, if theentire exposed edge is cauterized or recrystallized from a molten glassstate, a layer of glass material may be formed across a significantportion of the exposed edge or across the entire exposed edge. If such alayer of glass material is formed, the glass layer may fracture or breakdue to handling or installation of the blanket.

Rather than forming a glass layer across the exposed layer, thecauterized layer should form multiple smaller glass material segmentsacross or about a face of the exposed edge. The multiple smaller glassmaterial segments function together to essentially form a seal orbarrier that encases the fumed silica or other insulation powderpositioned within the insulation blanket while allowing the insulationblanket to flex or bend. The multiple smaller glass material segmentsare able to shift or move relative to one another without fracturing orbreaking, which would degrade or compromise the formed barrier. Onemethod of forming such multiple smaller glass material segments is toform a plurality of cauterized layers between the first and secondfacers. The individual layers function together to encase the fumedsilica while being able to shift or move relative to one another withoutsignificant or substantial fracturing or breaking.

According to another embodiment, an insulation blanket for insulating astructure includes a plurality of intermeshed non-woven fibers that aredisposed between a first facer and a second facer and a fine insulatingpowder that is also disposed between the first and second facers andwithin the intermeshed non-woven fibers. The first facer or the secondfacer, or both, may be a woven glass mat facer. The fine insulatingpowder has an average particle size of between 2 and 300 nanometers. Thefine insulating powder may include fumed silica. The insulation blanketincludes at least one exposed edge having a cauterized face that forms abarrier on the exposed edge to encase the fine insulating powder withinthe interior of the insulation blanket, thereby minimizing loss of thefine insulating powder through the exposed edge. The exposed edge has adepth of cauterized material of between about 0.05 and 3 mm.

The insulation blanket may have at least 80% of the exposed edge, butless than the entire exposed edge, cauterized. In other embodiments, theinsulation blanket may have at least 90% of the exposed edge, but lessthan the entire exposed edge, cauterized. The exposed edge may include aplurality of cauterized layers between the first and second facers. Insome embodiments, the insulation blanket includes a plurality of exposededges that each have a cauterized face that forms a barrier to encasethe fine insulating powder within the interior of the insulationblanket.

Having described several embodiments generally, additional aspects willbe realized with reference to the description of the several drawingsprovided below.

Referring now to FIG. 1 , illustrated is a microporous insulationblanket 100 (hereinafter microporous blanket or blanket 100). Blanket100 consist of compressed fumed silica particles 106 and fibers 104 thatare encased between two woven mat facers 102. Due to the nature of themicroporous blanket 100, cutting the blanket by using a knife, scissors,water jet, and or lasers can sometimes lead to fall-out of the internalfumed silica 106 and/or other particles. For example, when themicroporous blanket 100 is cut, a pair of exposed edges 108 are formedalong the cut. Since the edge 108 is exposed, the internal fibers 104may protrude or extend from the exposed edge 108. The fumed silica 106and/or other particles may also fall-out or escape through the exposededge 108, which reduces the amount of insulation material within themicroporous blanket 100, especially along or near the exposed edge 108.

The fall-out of the insulation material may be particular evident when adull blade from a knife or scissors is used to cut the blanket. The dullblade may render the exposed edge 108 relatively roughly and/or may pullthe fibers 104 and fumed silica 106 and/or other particles from withinthe interior of the blanket 100. When a sharp knife is used with theproper technique (e.g., proper speed and angle), a cleaner edge 108 isformed with minimal disruption of the particles 106 and fibers 104. Theresult is a relatively clean edge 108 with minimal fall-out of theparticles 106 and fibers 104. However, subsequent handling of theblanket 100, such as movement or bending/flexing of the blanket 100during installation, may cause the particles 106 and/or fibers 104 toshed or fall-out from the exposed edge 108 of the blanket 100.Accordingly, a slight degradation of the blanket's insulating propertiesmay occur even when a sharp blade and proper technique are used to cutthe blanket 100.

Referring now to FIG. 2 , illustrated is a microporous insulationblanket 200 (hereinafter microporous blanket or blanket 200) thatincludes insulation material particles (e.g., compressed fumed silica)and entangled nonwoven fibers (collectively 204) that are encased orpositioned between two facers 202. The microporous blanket 200 is cutalong at least one edge 208 and in many embodiment along at least two ormore edges 208. The cut edges are exposed to the surroundingenvironment. However, unlike the blanket 100 of FIG. 1 , a barrier 206is formed on the face of the exposed edge(s) 208 to encase or seal theinsulation material particles and nonwoven fibers 204 within themicroporous blanket 200—specifically, encase or seal the insulationmaterial particles and nonwoven fibers 204 between the two opposingfacers 202.

The barrier 206 formed on the face of the exposed edge(s) 208 is a crustor cauterized edge that is formed using high temperatures that fuse theinternal material of the microporous blanket 200. Specifically, the hightemperatures cause the insulation material particles and/or nonwovenfibers 204, and/or any other materials positioned within the blanket200, to transition to a molten state. The molten insulation materialparticles and/or nonwoven fibers 204 than mix to some degree before thehigh temperatures are removed, which causes the molten insulationmaterial particles and/or nonwoven fibers 204 to recrystallize and formthe crust or cauterized edge on the face of the exposed edge 208. Therecrystallized internal materials encase and seal the remaining internalmaterials within the blanket 200, which prevents or minimizes sheddingor fall-out of the internal materials during handling and installationof the blanket about an object to be insulated.

Encasing the internal material by forming barrier 206 is especiallyuseful for industrial applications where the microporous blanket 200 isapplied to elbows, fittings, and other specialized shapes. In anexemplary embodiment, unique shapes for elbows and other objects can bequickly cut using a high temperature laser, thereby minimizing labor.The use of a high temperature laser simultaneously cauterizes theexposed edges 208 while the blanket 200 is cut to minimize fall-out orshedding of the insulation material particles and/or nonwoven fibers204. In other embodiments, the exposed edge 208 may be exposed to anopen flame for a given amount of time to form the barrier 206.

It is important that a large portion of the exposed edge's face iscauterized to form a sufficient barrier 206. For example, in oneembodiment greater than 50% of the face of the exposed edge 208 iscauterized. In another embodiment, greater than 70% of the exposededge's face is cauterized. In yet other embodiments, greater than 80% or90% of the exposed edge's face is cauterized. It is equally important toprevent or refrain from cauterizing all of the exposed edge's face toensure that the exposed edge 208 does not become brittle and fracture orbreak during handling or installation as described above. As such, insome embodiments, less than or about 95% of the exposed edge's face iscauterized. Some blankets may require an upper cauterization limit ofless than or about 90% or 85% of the exposed edge's face. In a specificembodiment, the exposed edge may be cauterized by between 70% and 90% or95%. In other embodiments, the exposed edge may be cauterized by between80% and 90% or 95%.

In many embodiments, the face of the exposed edge 208 is heated to forma plurality of discontinuous cauterized portions or segments. Thediscontinuous cauterized portions or segments allow the barrier 206 tobe formed without causing the exposed edge 208 to become brittle.Specifically, the discontinuous cauterized portions or segments are ableto move or shift slightly relative to one another without causingsignificant damage to adjacent cauterized portions or segments. Thisenables the exposed edge 208 to bend and flex without breaking orfracturing. The discontinuous cauterized portions or segments are formedclose enough together so that the discontinuous cauterized portions orsegments function cooperatively or synergistically to encase and sealthe internal material (e.g., insulation material particles and/ornonwoven fibers 204) within the interior of the microporous blanket 200.

In many instances, the face of the exposed edge 208 has a cauterizationthickness T or depth of between about 0.05 mm and 3 mm. In otherembodiments, the cauterization thickness T or depth may range betweenabout 0.1 mm and 2 mm. This cauterization thickness T or depth forms acauterization barrier 206 that is thick enough to withstand cracking orfracturing due to normal handling and installation of the blanket and isthick enough to hold, encase, or seal the internal material within theblanket 200. The cauterization thickness T or depth is also thin enoughto form the discontinuous cauterized portions or segments describedabove. Stated differently, a cauterization thickness T or depth greaterthan 3 mm may be subject to cracking or fracturing of the formed barrier206, which may cause cauterized segments to fall off or shed from theface of the exposed edge 208, thereby forming gaps or holes on theexposed edge's face through which the internal material may pass, shed,or otherwise be lost. A cauterization thickness T or depth of greaterthe 3 mm may also result in unnecessary labor times, thereby increasingthe cost of installation of the blanket 200.

Referring now to FIG. 3 , illustrated is one method of formingdiscontinuous cauterized portions or segments on a face 304 of anexposed edge 302 of a microporous blanket 300. In an exemplaryembodiment, the discontinuous cauterized portions or segments are formedvia cutting of the exposed edge 302 with a high temperature laser. Thehigh temperature laser cuts the exposed edge 302 in a manner that formsa layering pattern 306 on the face 304. The layered pattern 306minimizes fall-out of the internal materials, which may be ideal forindustrial fittings and specialized shapes. The layered pattern 306 alsoallows the blanket 300 and exposed edge 302 to maintaining flexibilityso that the formed barrier is not substantially degraded due to handlingand installation of the blanket 300.

The layered pattern 306 of cauterized material is not uniform and doesnot entirely cover the face 304 of the exposed edge 302. As illustrated,the cauterized portions or segments are discontinuous with somecauterized portions or segments extending roughly horizontal and othersextending at an angle or roughly vertical. This configuration allows theformed barrier to move or shift, or even break or fracture to some minordegree, while sufficient sealing or encasing the internal materialswithin the microporous blanket 300. Accordingly, the blanket 300 may beflexed, handled, and bent without a significant loss of the internalmaterials. Stated differently, the layered pattern 306 provides stressrelief so that the entire cauterization barrier does not fall off whenthe blanket 300 is flexed, handled, and bent during installation ortransportation.

The layered pattern 306 has a cauterization coverage (i.e., amount ofthe face 304 that is cauterized) of greater than 80% and in manyembodiments greater than 90%. The cauterization coverage of the layeredpatter 306 is also less than 100% and in many embodiments is less than97% or 95%. This cauterization coverage minimizes fall-out or sheddingof the internal materials (i.e., fumed silica and/or glass fibers) atthe exposed edges 302 while preventing the face 304 and exposed edge 302from being too brittle. The high temperature laser that is used to cutthe exposed edge 302 and cauterize the face 304 should be controlledduring the processing as described below to achieve a sufficientcauterization coverage of the face 304. The processing of the laser maybe dependent on the internal microporous composition (e.g., fibers,particles, and the like.).

The layered pattern 306 has a cauterization thickness or depth ofbetween about 0.05 mm and 3 mm and in some embodiments between about 0.1mm and 2 mm. This cauterization thickness or depth is not too thin,which could cause the formed cauterization barrier to easily crack andbreak and/or is not too thin to penetrate the face 304 enough to hold,seal, or encase the internal material within the microporous blanket300. In contrast, the cauterization thickness or depth is not too thickto cause the formed barrier to easily crack and/or flake off from theface 304 of the exposed edge 302 in relatively large pieces, which wouldform gaps or holes in the face 304 that allow the internal material toshed or be lost from within the microporous blanket 300.

Referring now to FIG. 4 , illustrated is a process 400 of cutting aninsulation blanket 402 with a high temperature laser 404. The hightemperature laser 404 is used to simultaneously cut 406 and cauterizethe insulation blanket 402. To achieve a sufficient cauterizationbarrier and cauterization coverage as described herein, one or more ofthe following parameters of the laser 404 need to be controlled: adistance H of laser nozzle to the blanket 402; the laser wattage; thetype of laser tip; the speed of laser; and/or the density, compression,and/or hardness of the blanket.

According to one embodiment, to achieve a sufficient cauterizationbarrier and cauterization coverage as described herein the followinglaser parameters may be employed. The focal length or distance H of thelaser nozzle to the blanket 402 may be between about 2 and 7 inches,although a range of between about 2.5 and 5 inches is more common. Agreater focal length is typically better for thicker blankets 402 due todeeper focal penetration, while a lesser focal length may be better forthinner blankets 402. A focal length of about 2.5 may be optimal for a10 mm thick blanket 402. The laser power or wattage may be between about150 W and 400 W. A higher power laser may be better due to the highertemperature.

To achieve a proper cauterization thickness as described, the laser orcutting speed normally needs to be associated with the laser power used.For example, lower power laser typically require slower cutting speedsto achieve the sufficient heat to cauterize the exposed edge. The laserspeed may be between about 0.01 inches per second (in/s) and 10 inchesper second.

The use of nitrogen gas as the laser purge gas rather than air or oxygentypically forms a better cauterization face. Stated differently,nitrogen gas provides a more cauterized face of the exposed edge incomparison with air or oxygen. FIG. 5 illustrates the improvedcauterization that is achieved using a nitrogen purge gas in comparisonwith air or oxygen. Specifically, blanket 502 was cauterized using anitrogen purge gas while blanket 504 was cauterized using an oxygenpurge gas. The laser parameters used to cauterize the two blankets werethe same other than the purge gas. As shown, the cauterization coverageof blanket 502 is greater than blanket 504, which experienced a moreflaky crust layer. A purge gas pressure of between about 15 psi and 40psi has been shown to achieve an optimal cauterized face. A purge gaspressure of about 15 psi may be optimal for a 10 mm thick blanket 402.

When cutting a corner, the laser power should be maintained at about 50%or greater. This ensures that the laser does not turn off when forming acorner. If the laser power goes below about 50%, a clean cut of theblanket 402 may not be obtained at the corner. A pulse rate of betweenabout 500 pulse per inch and 3,000 pulse per inch may be used in formingthe cauterized face. This may be achieved by using a pulse frequency ofbetween about 500 to 50,000. In some embodiments, a pulse frequency ofabout 20,000 may be ideal. The cauterization process may be furtherimproved by compressing the blanket 402 before cutting the blanket withthe laser. Compressing the blanket 402 may improve the consistency oruniformity of the blanket's thickness and/or density, which improvescauterization of the material.

In an exemplary embodiment, a 10 mm thick insulation blanket (i.e.,InsulThin HT) was cut using the following laser parameters, whichresulted in the formation of a sufficient cauterization barrier andcauterization coverage. A 400 W laser was used to cut the blanket. Thecutting speed of the laser was approximately 1 inch per second and thefocal length of the laser was approximately 2.5 inches. Nitrogen gas wasused as the purge gas at a pressure of approximately 15 psi. The laserhad a pulse frequency of approximately 20,000.

It should be realized that the parameters of the above describedexemplary embodiment are for illustrative purposes only and that otherlaser parameters may be used to achieve a sufficient cauterizationbarrier and cauterization coverage.

Referring now to FIG. 6 , illustrated is a method 600 of forming aninsulation blanket. At block 610, a plurality of intermeshed non-wovenfibers are positioned between a first facer layer and a second facerlayer. In one embodiment, the intermeshed non-woven fibers include glassfibers. At block 620, a fine insulating powder or particles arepositioned between the first and second facer layers and within theintermeshed non-woven fibers. The fine insulating powder or particlestypically have an average particle size of between about 2 and 300nanometers. In one embodiment, the fine insulating powder or particlesmay include fumed silica. In many embodiments, the non-woven fibers andthe fine insulating powder or particles are mixed prior to positioningthe fibers and particles between the first facer layer and the secondfacer layer. At block 630, the insulation blanket may optionally becompressed. Compressing the insulation blanket may improve thecauterization process by rendering the blanket's thickness and/ordensity more consistent and/or uniform. In other embodiments, theinsulation blanket may not be compressed and block 630 may not beperformed. At block 640, an exposed edge of the insulation blanket iscauterized to form a barrier on the exposed edge that encases or sealsthe fine insulating powder or particles within the interior of theinsulation blanket. The cauterized edge may have a depth of cauterizedmaterial of between about 0.05 mm and 3 mm, and in some embodimentsbetween about 0.1 mm and 2 mm.

In some embodiments, cauterizing the exposed edge may include forming aplurality of cauterized layers on a face of the exposed edge.Cauterizing the face of the exposed edge may include cauterizing atleast 80% of the exposed edge without cauterizing the entire exposededge and/or may include cauterizing at least 90% of the exposed edgewithout cauterizing the entire exposed edge.

In some embodiments, the cauterization process of block 640 may involvesimultaneously cutting the insulation blanket to form the exposed edge.The process of block 640 may be performed with a high temperature laser.In other embodiments, the process of block 640 may be performed byexposing the exposed edge of the insulation blanket to a flame. In someembodiments, the method 600 may also include installing the insulationblanket on or about an object to be insulated.

Having described several examples, it will be recognized by those ofskill in the art that various modifications, alternative constructions,and equivalents may be used without departing from the spirit of theinvention. Additionally, a number of well-known processes and elementshave not been described in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring thepresent invention. Additionally, details of any specific example may notalways be present in variations of that example or may be added to otherexamples.

Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that eachintervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit unlessthe context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lowerlimits of that range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller rangebetween any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and anyother stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed.The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently beincluded or excluded in the range, and each range where either, neither,or both limits are included in the smaller ranges is also encompassedwithin the invention, subject to any specifically excluded limit in thestated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits,ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are alsoincluded.

As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”,and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictatesotherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a method” includes aplurality of such methods and reference to “the glass fiber” includesreference to one or more glass fibers and equivalents thereof known tothose skilled in the art, and so forth. The invention has now beendescribed in detail for the purposes of clarity and understanding.However, it will be appreciated that certain changes and modificationsmay be practice within the scope of the appended claims.

Also, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” “include,” “including,” and“includes” when used in this specification and in the following claimsare intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers,components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or additionof one or more other features, integers, components, steps, acts, orgroups.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of forming an insulation blanketcomprising: positioning a plurality of intermeshed non-woven fibersbetween a first facer layer and a second facer layer; positioning a fineinsulating powder between the first and second facer layers and withinthe intermeshed non-woven fibers to prepare the insulation blanket, thefine insulating powder having an average particle size of between about2 and 20 nanometers; and cauterizing an exposed edge of the insulationblanket to form a barrier on the exposed edge that encases the fineinsulating powder within an interior of the insulation blanket, thecauterized edge having a depth of cauterized material of between about0.05 and 3 mm; wherein cauterizing the exposed edge comprisescauterizing at least 70% of the exposed edge and less than about 95% ofthe exposed edge.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising cuttingthe insulation blanket to form the exposed edge simultaneously withcauterizing the exposed edge.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereincauterizing the exposed edge of the insulation blanket comprises cuttingthe insulation blanket with a high temperature laser.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein cauterizing the exposed edge of the insulation blanketcomprises exposing the exposed edge of the insulation blanket to aflame.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising installing theinsulation blanket on or about an object to be insulated.
 6. The methodof claim 1, wherein cauterizing the exposed edge comprises forming aplurality of cauterized layers on the exposed edge.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein cauterizing the exposed edge comprises cauterizing lessthan about 90% of the exposed edge.
 8. The method of claim 1, whereinthe fine insulating powder includes fumed silica.
 9. The method of claim1, further comprising compressing the insulation blanket prior tocauterizing the exposed edge.
 10. A method of enclosing materials withinan insulation blanket comprising: dispersing an insulating materialwithin a plurality of non-woven fibers that are intermeshed to form theinsulation blanket; and cauterizing an exposed edge of the insulationblanket to form a barrier on the exposed edge that encases theinsulating material within an interior of the insulation blanket, thecauterized edge having a depth of cauterized material of between about0.05 and 3 mm; wherein cauterizing the exposed edge comprisescauterizing at least 80% of the exposed edge and less than about 95% ofthe exposed edge.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the insulatingmaterial is a fine insulating powder having an average particle size ofbetween about 2 and 20 nanometers.
 12. The method of claim 11, whereinthe fine insulating powder includes fumed silica.
 13. The method ofclaim 10, further comprising positioning the plurality of non-wovenfibers between a first facer layer and a second facer layer.
 14. Themethod of claim 10, further comprising cutting the insulation blanket toform the exposed edge simultaneously with cauterizing the exposed edge.15. The method of claim 10, wherein cauterizing the exposed edge of theinsulation blanket comprises cutting the insulation blanket with a hightemperature laser or exposing the exposed edge of the insulation blanketto a flame.
 16. The method of claim 10, wherein cauterizing the exposededge comprises forming a plurality of cauterized layers on the exposededge.
 17. The method of claim 10, wherein cauterizing the exposed edgecomprises cauterizing less than about 90% of the exposed edge.
 18. Themethod of claim 10, further comprising compressing the insulationblanket prior to cauterizing the exposed edge.